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Oracle中创建和管理表详解建站知识

时间:2023-05-22 20:05:22 阅读: 文章分类: 网站建设 作者: 网站技术员

导读:1建站知识以下是对Oracle中的创建和管理表进行了详细的分析介绍,需要的朋友可以过来参考下网站建设公司公司网站建设。

网站建设公司公司网站建设SQL> /*SQL> 对于表的操作: 创建表,修改表(添加新的列,改变当前某些列,删除列),删除表SQL> 创建表: create table(需要create table的权限)SQL> 修改表: alter table tablename add/modify/dropSQL> 删除表:drop table tablenameSQL> */SQL> show user;USER 为 "SCOTT"SQL> --访问hr用户下的表SQL> select * from hr.employees;select * from hr.employees                 *第 1 行出现错误: ORA-00942: 表或视图不存在 SQL> --测试defaul值SQL> create table test1  2  (tid number,  3   tname varchar(20),  4   hiredate date default sysdate);表已创建。SQL> insert into test1(tid,tname) values(1,'Mary');已创建 1 行。SQL> select * from test1;       TID TNAME                HIREDATE                                                                                ---------- -------------------- --------------                                                                                   1 Mary                 12-6月 -11                                                                              SQL> --rowid rownum都是伪列SQL> select rowid,rownum,empno from emp;ROWID                  ROWNUM      EMPNO                                                                                ------------------ ---------- ----------                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAT          1       1122                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAO          2       1234                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAP          3       1235                                         建设网站公司                                       AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAQ          4       2222                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAR          5       2345                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAS          6       2346                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAA          7       7369                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAB          8       7499                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAC          9       7521                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAD         10       7566                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAE         11       7654                                                                                ROWID                  ROWNUM      EMPNO                                                                                ------------------ ---------- ----------                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAF         12       7698                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAG         13       7782                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAH         14       7788                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAI         15       7839                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAJ         16       7844                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAK         17       7876                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAL         18       7900                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAM         19       7902                                                                                AAANA2AAEAAAAAsAAN         20       7934                                                                                已选择20行。SQL> --rowid:oracle维护一个地址,该地址指向了该行在硬盘上实际存储的位置SQL> --关于varchar2和charSQL> create table testchar  2  ( c char(5),  3    v varchar(5));表已创建。SQL> insert into testchar values('a','b');已创建 1 行。SQL> select * from testchar;C     V                                                                                                                 ----- -----                                                                                                             a     b                                                                                                                 SQL> select concat(c,'#'),concat(v,'#') from testchar;CONCAT CONCAT                                                                                                           ------ ------                                                                                                           a    # b#                                                                                                               SQL> --添加新列SQL> alter table testchar  2  add  hiredate date;表已更改。SQL> desc testchar; 名称                                                              是否为空? 类型 ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------- C                                                                          CHAR(5) V                                                                          VARCHAR2(5) HIREDATE                                                                   DATESQL> --修改表SQL> alter table testchar  2  modify c char(10);表已更改。SQL> desc testchar; 名称                                                              是否为空? 类型 ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------- C                                                                          CHAR(10) V                                                                          VARCHAR2(5) HIREDATE                                                                   DATESQL> --删除列SQL> alter table testchar  2  drop hiredate;drop hiredate     *第 2 行出现错误: ORA-00905: 缺失关键字 SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1  alter table testchar  2* drop column hiredateSQL> /表已更改。SQL> desc testchar; 名称       网站建设多少钱                                                       是否为空? 类型 ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------- C                                                                          CHAR(10) V                                                                          VARCHAR2(5)SQL> host clsSQL> --删除表SQL> select * from tab;TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID                                                                       ------------------------------ ------- ----------                                                                       DEPT                           TABLE                                                                                    EMP                            TABLE                                                                                    BONUS                          TABLE                                                                                    SALGRADE                       TABLE                                                                                    EMP10                          TABLE                                                                                    EMP101                         TABLE                                                                                    TEST1                          TABLE                                                                                    BIN$gNM24ey8RKW0vjhtZ7ZFsA==$0 TABLE                                                                                    TESTDELETE                     TABLE                                                                                    TESTCHAR                       TABLE                                                                                    已选择10行。SQL> drop table testdelete;表已删除。SQL> select * from tab;TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID                                                                       ------------------------------ ------- ----------                                                                       DEPT                           TABLE                                                                                    EMP                            TABLE                                                                                    BONUS                          TABLE                                                                                    SALGRADE                       TABLE                                                                                    EMP10                          TABLE                                                                                    EMP101                         TABLE                                                                                    TEST1                          TABLE                                                                                    BIN$gNM24ey8RKW0vjhtZ7ZFsA==$0 TABLE                                                                                    TESTCHAR                       TABLE                                                                                    BIN$aJrS9iffT4O1GcD0H3fepg==$0 TABLE                                                                                    已选择10行。SQL> --使用purge参数彻底删除表SQL> drop table test1 purge;表已删除。SQL> select * from tab;TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID                                                                       ------------------------------ ------- ----------                                                                       DEPT                           TABLE                                                                                    EMP                            TABLE                                                                                    BONUS                          TABLE                                                                                    SALGRADE                       TABLE                                                                                    EMP10     &n网站优化seo培训bsp;                    TABLE                                                                                    EMP101                         TABLE                                                                                    BIN$gNM24ey8RKW0vjhtZ7ZFsA==$0 TABLE                                                                                    TESTCHAR                       TABLE                                                                                    BIN$aJrS9iffT4O1GcD0H3fepg==$0 TABLE                                                                                    已选择9行。SQL> --oracle的回收站SQL> --查看回收站SQL> show recyclebin;ORIGINAL NAME    RECYCLEBIN NAME                OBJECT TYPE  DROP TIME                                                  ---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------                                        TESTDELETE       BIN$aJrS9iffT4O1GcD0H3fepg==$0 TABLE        2011-06-12:15:43:34                                        TESTDELETE       BIN$gNM24ey8RKW0vjhtZ7ZFsA==$0 TABLE        2011-06-12:14:51:43                                        SQL> --清空回收站SQL> purge recyclebin;回收站已清空。SQL> show recyclebin;SQL> --关于约束:SQL> --创建一个表,包含所有约束SQL> create table myuser  2  ( userID number constraint pk primary key,  3    username varchar2(20) constraint c_name not null,  4    gender   varchar2(2)  constraint c_gender check (gender in ('男','女')),  5    email    varchar2(20) constraint c_email1 not null  6                          constraint c_email2 unique  7    deptno   number constraint fk refereneces dept(deptno)  8  );  deptno   number constraint fk refereneces dept(deptno)  *第 7 行出现错误: ORA-00907: 缺失右括号 SQL>   create table myuser  2  ( userID number constraint pk primary key,  3    username varchar2(20) constraint c_name not null,  4    gender   varchar2(2)  constraint c_gender check (gender in ('男','女')),  5    email    varchar2(20) constraint c_email1 not null  6                          constraint c_email2 unique,  7    deptno   number constraint fk refereneces dept(deptno)  8  );  deptno   number constraint fk refereneces dept(deptno)                  *第 7 行出现错误: ORA-02253: 此处不允许约束条件说明 SQL> ed已写入 file afiedt.buf  1    create table myuser  2  ( userID number constraint pk primary key,  3    username varchar2(20) constraint c_name not null,  4    gender   varchar2(2)  constraint c_gender check (gender in ('男','女')),  5    email    varchar2(20) constraint c_email1 not null  6                          constraint c_email2 unique,  7    deptno   number constraint fk references dept(deptno)  8* )SQL> /表已创建。SQL> desc myuser; 名称                                                              是否为空? 类型 ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------- USERID                                                            NOT NULL NUMBER USERNAME                                                          NOT NULL VARCHAR2(20) GENDER                                                                     VARCHAR2(2) EMAIL                                                             NOT NULL VARCHAR2(20) DEPTNO                                                                     NUMBERSQL> insert into myuser values(1,'Tom','男','ddd@126.com',10);已创建 1 行。SQL> insert into myuser values(1,'Tom','男','ddd@126.com',10);insert into myuser values(1,'Tom','男','ddd@126.com',10)*第 1 行出现错误: ORA-00001: 违反唯一约束条件 (SCOTT.PK) SQL> insert into myuser values(2,'Tom','啊','ddd@126.coddm',10);insert into myuser values(2,'Tom','啊','ddd@126.coddm',10)*第 1 行出现错误: ORA-02290: 违反检查约束条件 (SCOTT.C_GENDER) SQL> --触发器也可以检查数据的正确与否SQL> spool off相关网站建设公司公司网站建设。

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